7.+Native+Americans+-+the+Tribes


 * 1) The Apache - Karoline
 * 2) The Blackfeet - Rahela
 * 3) The Cherokee - Karunya
 * 4) The Cheyenne - Alexandra
 * 5) The Navajo (the tribe) - Yu-Qi
 * 6) The Sioux - Ida

1. THE APACHE TRIBE
“Apache” means “fighting-men” in Yuma, and “enemy” in Yumi. There are different sub-tribes in the Apache tribe: the Western Apache, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan and Kiowa. Each of them from a different geographical place. The Apache tribe is originally from the American Southwest. Before, they lived all over eastern Arizona, northwestern Mexico, New Mexico, Texas and the southern Great Plains. Nowadays, they live, like most Native Americans, in reservations in Arizona and New Mexico and in Oklahoma and Texas. Some of the Apaches moved to big cities, and the largest Apache urban communities are Oklahoma City and some others. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apachean_present.png

When we say Apache today, it includes now the Navajo tribe too. They have always had a clear similitude in their language coming from the larger language family Southern Athabaskan. The different apache groups speak seven different languages, all related to Athabaskan. For a long time, when the Spaniards arrived, the Apache groups traded with them. Like they did with their neighbors: the Pueblo and the Navajo tribes. Since they lived most of hunting, they had to get the corn from their neighbors, and they were actually known for raiding the other tribes and steel their horses and corn. The Spaniards described the Apacheans to be great warriors. The Apachean people fought against the Spaniards were continually fighting. And later on, the US army fought against them too. The Apachean finally had to give up their lands, but only after had done all they could to keep them. The Apache tribe is one of the most known Native Americans. (The apaches lived of hunting wild animals and they ate cactus fruits and other wild plants. They hunted because they needed the food( of course), clothing, shelter and blankets. But they didn’t fish, they thought fish were unclean, as much as snakes, prairie dogs and turkeys. ) Sources??

2. The Blackfeet
 The Blackfeet are a Native-American tribe based in Montana, more specifically in the northwestern part of Montana. If we look at the 1990 US census, there are approximately 32,000 Blackfeet members.



The Blackfeet were known as hunters, raiders and warriors, and the buffalo was their main source of food. While in the winter; they hunted Bison, the Bison were big and couldn’t move fast, and that made them excellent targets for the hunters. In the tribe, women were in charge of the home. They cooked and cleaned, and they built the family house. But both genders participated in art, music, storytelling and medicine.Today, the Blackfeet are more known as gentle farmers who raise cattle and crops.

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=**__3. The Cherokee Tribe__ **=

The second largest tribe in the USA is the Cherokee tribe. We can trace them back to thousands of years ago, when they mostly lived by hunting and agriculture. In the 18th century, European settlers arrived to their land, occupying it and forcing them to move to Indian territories. As the European settlers gathered people from the tribe, they searched for those who tried to hide. One of them is the big legend called Tsali, and his family. Many people from The Cherokee had corporated and moved to the west, but as many other North Carolina Cherokee, Tsali was traditional and denied to move. According to a legend, Tsali’s brother-in-law came to him and told him that they were forced to move from the hills. One day, Tsali got a visit from a missionary who also said that they had to move. The Europeans had found gold, and they were capable of doing anything for it, and so was Tsali. – He was not going to leave his home. At last the missionaries (soldiers?) threatened Tsali and his family with guns, but still they denied moving. Tsali got killed, and his family was sent to the west. After long conflicts, where the Cherokee were forced to move to the west, they were expelled from their land and the US Army forced them to walk to Oklahoma in the dead of winter. This is today known as the “Trail Of Tears,” one of the most shameful decisions made by the USA. [] [] __Targets__ (Aschehoug 2009),Haugen, Haugum, Kagge, Ljones, Myskja, Rugset (pp. 226-229)
 * Sources:**

=4. The Cheyenne=

The Cheyenne is one of the best known of the Plains tribe and it's made of two united tribes: The Sutai and Tsitsistas. The Cheyenne Nation consisted of ten bands that were spread across the Great Plains, from southern Colorado up to the mountains in the western South Dakota. Today there are about 3500 remaining Cheyenne Indians. The southern Cheyenne tribe, with about 2000, lives on a reservation in western Oklahoma, and the rest (northern) live on another reservation in Montana.



History
In the early 17th century they obtained horses from the Spanish and soon became expert buffalo hunters. The tribe usually moved their camp according to the location of the buffalo herd they were following. Everything they needed in order to live, they got from the buffalo herd: Clothing, food, other tools, and even items as jewelry. This was very typical for all plains Indians. Therefore they practiced little or no agriculture. In different wars between the American Indians, the Cheyenne often fought in an alliance with the Lakota (Sioux) or Arapaho. In the Battle of the Little Bighorn, for example, the northern Cheyenne tribe fought alongside the Lakota and a small band of the Arapaho.

Culture
In the last 400 years, the Cheyenne have gradually changed their culture. In the beginning they were in fact an agricultural people, planting corn and beans. But as they were moving around because of conflicts caused by the new settlers, their lifestyles also changed simultaneously. The change ended in the reservation phase which is their current situation.

**Sources:**
http://www.omahapubliclibrary.org/transmiss/congress/cheyenne.html http://www.cheyenneindian.com/cheyenne_history_001.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne

5. The Navajo


===Navajos came to the south-western United States from the north-west Pacific coast and Canada for over 1000 years ago. Navajos call themselves Diné, meaning “the people”. They were hunters and hunted deer, mountain sheep, antelope and rabbit. Their clothing was made from animal skins.===



===The Navajo Indians lived in homes called hogans. They was made from wooden poles, tree bark and mud. The doorway opened to the east, so they could welcome the sun. Navajo learned to plant corn, beans, squash, and melons from the Pueblo Indians who was farmers. The Navajo settled near the Pueblo Indians and began to learn their style of weaving and making clothing.===



===After the Spanish settled in the 1600`s the Navajos started raiding them. They raided horses and sheep. They used the horses for hunting, fighting and to travel, and the sheep for its wool to make clothes, blankets and rugs. The Navajo was known as great warriors. Soon the Navajo began to make items they could trade in the towns, such as pottery and blankets.===

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6. The Sioux tribe